A Historic Timeline (1700 - 1918)

[Adrian]

1816

Elizabeth Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 16th of February
Sarah Ann Skelhorn born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Economic depression - rise in wheat prices
2. Income tax abolished
   
3. For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value – the first official 'token' coinage
   
4. Climate: the 'year without a summer' – followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain Tambora in Indonesia the previous year, the biggest volcanic explosion in 10,000 years
5. Large scale emigration to North America
6. Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
   

1817

1. March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended
2. Constable Flatford Mill

1818

1. Manchester cotton spinners' strike
2. Oct 20: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length

1819

1. May: Savannah first steamship to cross Atlantic, reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 days, mostly under sail)
2. Aug 16: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester – a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester – demand Parliamentary Reform – mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
3. Dec: Six Acts passed against radical political Unions – prohibits assemblies similar to St. Peter's Fields and imposes press censorship
4. Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular
5. Britain returns to gold standard
6. Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles
7. Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn

1820

1. Jan 29: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
2. Cato Street Conspiracy – plot to assissinate British cabinet
3. Aug 1: Regent's Canal in London opens
4. Aug 17: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her
5. Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition

1821

Samuel Marsden marries Hannah Brierley in Manchester on the 8th of July

1. May 5: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
2. Faraday Principles of electro-magnetic rotation
3. Constable The Hay Wain
4. Populations: France 30.4M, German States 26M, Britain 20.8M, Italian States 18M, Austria 12M, the USA 9.6M

1822

Mary Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 17th of May

1. Jun 14: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
2. Sep 27: Jean-François Champollion announces he has deciphered the Rosetta stone
3. Caledonian canal opened Augustin
4. Fresnel perfects lenses for lighthouses
5. Schubert Unfinished Symphony

1823

Elizabeth Marsden, (1816), dies on the 23rd of August
James Marsden marries Hannah Booth on the 7th of December

1. New laws concerning marriage by licence – 'very troublesome' according to some: "the Act was repealed, all in a hurry, at the beginning of the next session"
2. Peel begins penal reforms – death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes
3. Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School
4. Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh Monroe
   
5. Doctrine: President James Monroe warns European powers not to interfere in the American continent

1824

Elizabeth Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
John Marsden born in Oldham Lancashire on the 7th of July
James Marsden born on the 17th of July

1. Pitt's Combination Acts repealed (Trades Unions allowed)
2. Mar 4: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" until 1854)
3. May 10: National Gallery in London opens to the public
4. RSPCA established
5. Portland cement patented
6. Carnot Puissance motrice du feu
7. Beethoven Ninth Symphony

1825

1. Horse-drawn buses in London
2. Sep 27: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens – world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
3. Hobhouse makes amendments to Acts to protect Child Labour in cotton factories
4. Publication of Pepys Diary

1826

George Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Jan 30: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened – considered the world's first modern suspension bridge
2. Scotland's first commercial railway was opened, Edinburgh to Dalkeith
   
3. London established Royal Zoological Society established in London
4. Apr 1: Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine in America?
5. Ampere Electrodynamics
6. Mendelssohn Midsummer Night's Dream, overture

1827

William McCulloch born in Ireland in the 12th of May

1. Hallam Constitutional History of England (one of the first historians to use original documents in his research)
2. Ohm Ohm's Law (physics)

1828

1. Apr 28: Repeal of Test and Corporation Acts – had kept non-Anglicans (Catholics and Dissenters) from holding public office and deprived them of other rights
2. Oct 25: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
3. O'Connell barred from the House of Commons as a Roman Catholic
   
4. Noah Webster American Dictionary of the English Language

1829

James Marsden born probably in Lancashire on the 21st of January
John Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire in the 28th of April
Mary Ann Rogers born in Wittle, Yorkshire
Sarah Taylor, (1772), dies on the 8th of October

1. Apr 4: Catholic Emancipation Act restores civil liberties to Roman Catholics
2. First two omnibuses (pulled by three horses) introduced by George Schillibeer
3. London Metropolitan police force formed, nicknamed Bobbies or Peelers after Sir Robert Peel
4. Jun 10: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race
5. Oct 6: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!) – was to haul the first 'commercial' passenger train
6. "Lucifer" matches first manufactured
7. Louis Braille invents his sytem of finger-reading for the blind
8. Rossini William Tell, opera

1830

Hannah Law born in Rochdale, Lancashire
Sarah Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 11th of October

1. Jun 26: George IV dies – his brother, William IV, accedes to the throne
2. July: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons – Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne
3. Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium
4. Sep 15: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington – first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
   
5. Nov 22: Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, becomes Prime Minister
6. Royal Geographical Society established in London

1830-1880 Eclectic Period (Art & Antiques)

[Adrian]

1831

1. First Reform Bill introduced by Lord George Russell
2. A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled
3. British Association for the Advancement of Science founded
4. Jun 1: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole
5. Aug 1: 'New' London Bridge opens – old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
6. Aug 29: Faraday demonstrates electro-magnetic induction
7. Dec 27: Darwin sails on HMS Beagle to survey coral formations

1832

James Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Taylor Marsden dies in Taunton, Somerset on the 12th of September
James Sunderland born in Leeds, Yorkshire

1. Jun 7: Reform Bill passed – Representation of the People Act – dramatic effects for grossly underrepresented places like Scotland (the number of Scottish people allowed to vote increased from 4,000 to 65,000 out of 2.5 million people) – changed voting from an aristocratic privilege to a middle class right, but by later standards not much was accomplished – approximately doubled the electorate to about 800,000 voters out of a total population in Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales of around 24 million (1831 census), and increasing by 1 million a year
2. Electoral Registers introduced
3. Electric telegraph invented by Morse
4. Tennyson Lady of Shalott

1833

Abraham Marsden (1799) dies on the 5th of October
Lucy Ann Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Sarah Taylor Marsden born possibly in Chorley, Lancashire on the 17th of April
Francis Morrison born in Bolton, Lancashire

1. Jan: Britain invades the Falkland Islands
2. Aug 29: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9

1834

1. Mar 18: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
2. May 1: Slavery abolished in British possessions
3. Dec 23: Hansom Cab patented by Joseph Hansom
4. Babbage invents forerunner of the computer

1835

Elizabeth Marsden is born in Oldham, Lancashire
James Marsden, (1832), dies

1. Christmas becomes a national holiday
2. Earliest Universalist registers
3. Municipal Corporations Act – major changes in England and Wales
4. Word 'socialism' first used
5. First surviving photograph taken by William Fox Talbot
6. First railway boom period starts in Britain – construction of Great Western Railway
7. Melbourne, Australia founded
8. Darwin studies the Galapagos Islands

1836

Sarah Ann Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 16th of August
Jerimiah Hague born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. First Potato famine in Ireland
2. Economic downturn that lasts until 1842
3. Feb 25: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver'
4. Mar 6: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops – death of Davy Crockett
5. Jul: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

1837

Samuel Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Mary Ann Rogers born in Manchester, Lancashire
William Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire on the 17th of September

1. Mar 14: Wheatstone & Cooke send first British telegraph message (some say 25 Jul – the electric telegraph was patented in May)
2. Jun 20: William IV dies – accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
3. Jul 1: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales – Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
4. Jul 13: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
5. Jul 20: Euston Railway station opens – first in London
6. Pitman introduces his shorthand system
7. P&O Founded
8. Dickens Pickwick Papers

1838

Elizabeth Mills born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Jun 28: Coronation of Queen Victoria
2. Chartists in Britain publish People's Charter demanding popular involvement in politics – huge demonstrations (estimated 100.000 Glasgow, 200,000 Birmingham, 300,000 West Yorkshire)
3. First ocean steamers to the U.S. – SS Great Western 14½ days; SS Sirius 18 days SS Archimedes launched – first successful screw-driven ship
4. Daguerre produces photographs using silver salts 1838-1849
5. The Chartist Movement – a working-class movement for the extension of the franchise – 6-point charter: universal suffrage, secret ballot, annual elections, payment of Members, no property qualification for MPs, equal electoral districts

1839

1. Nov 4: The Newport Rising, to liberate Chartist prisoners – the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain
2. First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) – Britain captures Hong Kong
3. Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle, adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense (see 1819)
   
4. Samuel Cunard establishes his Cunard Steamship Co.
5. John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph
6. First: Grand National, Henley Regatta, Royal Agricultural Show

1840

Sarah Ann Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 10th of July
Thomas Lister born in Wath upon Dearne, Yorkshire
Taylor Marsden marries Sarah Ann Skelhorn on the 20th of December

1. Jan 10: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
2. Rowland Hill also introduces envelopes
3. Feb 6: Treaty of Waitangi signed – Maori chiefs in New Zealand recognise British sovereignty in return for tribes being guaranteed possession of their lands
4. Feb 10: Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
   
5. Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere)
6. 'Can-Can' becomes popular in France

[Adrian]

1841

1. Feb 10: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
2. June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded
   
3. Population: Britain 18.5M, USA 17M, Ireland 8M
4. Whitworth standard screw threads proposed
5. Thomas Cook starts package tours
6. Jul 17: First issue of Punch

1842

1. Mail steamship to India
   
2. Second Chartist Petition presented to Parliament
3. Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
4. Depression: 60% of Bolton cotton mill workers and 36% of Bolton ironworkers out of work
5. British Mines Act outlawing women and girls in the mines, and supervising boy labour
6. Copyright Act
7. British massacred in Khyber Pass
8. End of First Opium War – Britain gains Hong Kong
9. Ether used as an anaesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
10. Tennyson Poems establishes his fame
11. Doppler Effect stated
12. Turner Steamer in Snowstorm

1843

1. First Christmas card in England
2. May 27: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
3. Jul 19: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
4. Disruption of the Church of Scotland – 474 ministers signed the Deed of Demission and formed the Free Church of Scotland (the "Wee Free")
5. Factory safety regulations enacted in Britain
6. First public telegraph line, from Paddington to Slough
7. Oct 1: News of the World first published
8. Ordnance Survey maps Epoch 1 – date range 1843-1893
9. Skiing becomes a sport
10. Joule defines mathematical equivalent of heat (ergs/calorie)
11. Dickens A Christmas Carol
12. Wagner Flying Dutchman
13. Tennyson Morte d'Arthur

1844

Milcah Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Bank Charter Act, to regulate money supply in relation to gold in Britain
   
2. Railways Act – Gladstone's concept of the 'Parliamentary Train' brought rail travel to the masses
3. May 24: First Morse message transmitted in the USA (Baltimore to Washington)
4. Jun 6: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
5. Jun 15: Charles Goodyear receives a patent for the vulcanization of rubber
6. Karl Marx and Engels begin their collaboration
7. Dumas The Three Musketeers
8. Polka introduced to Britain

1845

Alice Morton born in Ashton under Lyne, Lancashire
Simeon Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire on the 31st of October
Norman Simister dies in Sidney, BC, Canada on the 21st of September

1. 'The Hungry Forties' – Potato famine in Ireland (to 1848) – about 2.5M Irish emigrate
2. Mar 17: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
3. May 20: Franklin sets sail from London trying to find the Northwest passage
4. Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
5. First voyage of 'Great Britain' – to America
6. Royal Naval Biographical Dictionary published

1846

Jane Holmes born in Barnsley, Yorkshire
Thomas Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
John Marsden marries Mary Ousey in Manchester, Lancashire on the 2nd of August

1. May 17: The saxophone is patented by Adolphe Sax
2. Sep 10: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
3. Edward Lear First Book of Nonsense

1847

Sarah Marsden dies on the 9th of May

1. Jan: An anaesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
2. United Succession becomes the United Presbyterian Church
3. Ten Hours Act shortens factory work day to ten hours for women and children
4. European crop failure
5. US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
6. Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre

1848

Joseph Marsden born in Taunton, Lancashire

1. Jan 24: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California – starts the California gold rush
2. Jul 11: Waterloo railway station in London opens
3. General revolutionary movement throughout the European Continent ('Year of Revolution')
4. Rotary press first introduced
5. First Public Health Act, establishes the Board of Health
6. Third Chartist Petition: mass arrests and failure of the movement
7. Lord Kelvin determines the temperature of absolute zero
8. First commercial production of chewing gum
9. Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto
10. Macaulay History of England

1849

George Marsden marries Mary Lee in Manchester, Lancashire on the 17th of June
Abraham Marsden dies on the 20th of September

1. Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation – which finally occurred in 1971!
2. Dickens David Copperfield

1850

Simeon Marsden, (1807), dies on the 15th of May
Thomas Taylor Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire in March

1. Mar 18: American Express founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo
2. Sep 29: Catholic hierarchy restored on a regular pattern to England and Wales
3. Nov 19: Tennyson succeeds Wordsworth as Poet Laureate (and holds the position until his death in 1892)
4. Telegraph cable Dover to Calais
5. Britain has 39.5% of world merchant shipping tonnage
6. Bunsen burner designed

1851

Simeon Marsden born in Newton, Lancashire
Mary Ann Taylor born in Middleton, Lancashire

1. Mar 30: Second full British Census – improvements in data compared with the first
2. May 1: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ("Crystal Palace" exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
3. Aug 22: First "America's Cup" (round the Isle of Wight) won by the yacht America (after which the trophy was subsequently named)
4. Window Tax replaced by House Duty
5. Photography is popularised by introduction of "wet collodion" process
   
6. Singer produces first practical sewing machine (in USA)
7. Gold discovered in Australia
8. Verdi Rigoletto
9. Herman Melville Moby-Dick

1852

Samuel Marsden, (1837), dies in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Victoria and Albert Museum opens in South Kensington, London
   
2. Manchester has its first Free Library
3. Land Survey of Britain completed
4. First voyage of 'Great Britain' to Australia
5. Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
6. US Express Co., Wells Fargo established in USA
7. Roget's Thesaurus

1853

George Marsden born in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire
Simeon Marsden dies on the 8th of January
Martha Jane Marsden dies in Sidney, BC, Canada on the 14th of May

1. Gladstone's first budget: wide range of duties abolished, and death duties introduced
2. Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
3. Reuters founded
4. Potato chips first prepared?

[Adrian]

1854

John Marsden marries Hannah M. Sunderland
Elizabeth Marsden marries Francis Morrison

1. Mar 27: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
2. Jun: First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands
3. Sep 14: Allied armies land in Crimea
4. Sep 20: Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea
5. Oct 25: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (Charge of the Light Brigade)
   
6. Cigarettes introduced into Britain

1855

William T. Morrison born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 16th of December
Mary Elizabeth Knott born in Ashton under Lyne
Sarah Myers Marsden marries James Sunderland in Prestwich, Lancashire

1. First London pillar boxes
2. Daily Telegraph founded, price 2d
3. London sewers modernised after fourth major outbreak of cholera
   
4. Florence Nightingale introduces hygiene into military hospitals in Crimea
5. Cellulose nitrate, first synthetic plastic material, invented by Alexander Parkes
6. Nov 17: Livingstone finds the Victoria Falls
7. Trollope The Warden
8. Longfellow The Song of Hiawatha

1856

John Marsden, (1801), dies on the 31st of March

1. End of Crimean War
2. Jan 29: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
3. Start of Second Opium War (to 1860)
4. Discovery of Neanderthal skull
5. Bessemer's converter revolutionises steel industry
6. Hughes Tom Brown's Schooldays

1857

William Marsden marries Elizabeth Mills
John Marsden born in Manchester, Lancashire
Samuel Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Lucy Ann Marsden marries Jerimiah Hague

1. Transatlantic cable starts to be laid
2. Oct 24: Sheffield FC founded – claim to be the world's first football team
3. London postal districts introduced
4. European financial crisis

1857-8 Indian Mutiny ( unrest started March 1857 – peace treaty signed 8 July 1858)

1858

Edmund Parsons born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 7th of March
Thomas Marsden Morrison born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Jan 31: 'Great Eastern' launched
2. East India Company dissolved
3. Summer: 'The great stink' – smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
4. Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
5. Offenbach Orpheus in the Underworld

1859

Christiana Ritson born in Carlisle, Cumberland

1. Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
2. Apr 25: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
3. May 4: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall
4. Jun 30: Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope
5. Nov 24: Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
6. First American oil well drilled (in Titusville, Pennsylvania)
7. Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

1860

Ann Marsden born Manchester, Lancashire
John W. Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Francis Morrison born in Oldham, Lancashire
John Marsden born in Staley, Cheshire

1. Second Maori War in New Zealand (to 1870)
2. Aug 29: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
3. Oct 17: The Open Championship (golf) begins
4. Oct 18: Convention of Peking ends the Second Opium War
5. Royal Navy adopts ironclads

1861

Elizabeth Jane Lumley born in Oldham, Lancashire
Sarah Ann Marsden married Thomas Lister in Oldham, Lancashire
Sarah Hannah Hague born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. May 25: American Civil War begins
2. Apr 7: Third full British Census
3. Dec 14: Prince Albert dies
4. First horse-drawn trams in London
5. Populations: Russia 76M, USA 32M, Italy 25M , Britain 23M

1862

Betty Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire

1. Jan 30: USS Monitor launched, first ironclad warship commissioned by the United States Navy
2. Mar 9: Battle of Hampton Roads, Virginia; first-ever naval battle between two ironclad warships – USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
3. Apr 20: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
4. Dec 31: USS Monitor sank under tow in gale
5. Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
6. Bismark becomes first minister in Prussia
7. Gatling patents his machine gun
8. Foucault measures the speed of light
9. Victor Hugo Les Miserables

1863

George Marsden married Mary Ann Rogers on the 3rd of February
Elizabeth Ellen Willett born in Salford, Lancashire on the 25th of April

1. Jan 10: First section of the London Underground Railway opens, between Paddington and Farringdon Street
2. Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
3. Jul 3: Battle of Gettysburg
4. Manufacture (by Wilbrand) of TNT

1864

Simeon Marsden marries Alice Morton on the 3rd of July
Lucy Ann Marsden born in Rochdale, Lancashire
Rachel Ann Marsden born in Hollinwood, Oldham, Lancashire on the 9th of December
Robert Butterworth born in Droylesdon, Lancashire
Taylor Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire on the 15th of January

1. Civil Registration in Ireland starts
2. Mar 11: The Great Sheffield Flood – over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
3. Aug 22: Red Cross established – Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
4. A man-powered submarine "Hunley" and sank a Federal steam ship, USS Housatonic, at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 – the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
   

1865

George A. McCulloch born in Victoria, BC, Canada on the 16th of December
Mary E. Lister born in Bolton, Lancashire

1. Apr 14: End of American Civil War – slavery abolished in USA;
   
2. Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
3. Rockefeller forms Standard Oil (ESSO) in Ohio
4. Jul 5: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
5. Jul 14: First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom died on the descent
6. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
7. First concrete roads built in Britain
8. Mendel states his law of heredity
9. Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland
10. Tolstoy War and Peace

1866

Harry Richard Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire
Annie Livsey born in Salford, Lancashire
Mary Marsden born in 1866 in Staly, Cheshire
John Francis Simister born in Salford, Lancashire

1. Jul 28: Atlantic cable first used – five attempts had been made over a nine year period (in 1857, two in 1858, 1865, and 1866) before lasting connections finally achieved by the SS Great Eastern with the 1866 cable and the repaired 1865 cable
2. Marquis of Queensbury rules accepted for boxing
3. Winchester repeating rifle comes into use in USA

1867

Emma Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Thomas H. Marsden marries Jane Holmes
Jonathon Marsden born in Hollinwood, Oldham, Lancashire on the 11th of July
Elizabeth A. Fenton born in Lancashire
Lucy Saloney Lister born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Minerva Livsey born in Farnworth, Lancashire

1. Mar 30: USA buys Alaska from Russia
2. July 1: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
3. Aug 24: Fanny Adams murdered in Alton (Her name became the English slang "Sweet Fanny Adams" which was used to mean "nothing" or "very little". It was often shortened to "Sweet F A".
   
4. Nov 25: Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
5. The Second Reform Bill – vote given to town householders
6. Typewriter invented (but not commercially successful until 1873)
   
7. Lister uses carbolic antiseptic
8. Ibsen Peer Gynt
9. Strauss Blue Danube

1868

Martha Jane Marsden born in Ashton under Lyne, Lancashire
Sarah Ann Morrison born in Oldham, Lancashire
Rachael A. Lister born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
2. Impressionist movement begins to emerge in art

1869

Alice Bullock born in Middleton, Lancashire
Elizabeth A. Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Thomas Marsden born in Middleton in March
Thomas Marsden, (1869), dies in June

1. Disestablishment of Irish Church
2. Imprisonment for debt abolished in Britain
3. May 10: Transcontinental railway completed in America
4. Nov 17: Suez Canal opens
5. Nov 23: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
6. HJ Heinz Company founded in USA, with its '57 Varieties'
7. Ballbearings, celluloid, margarine, washing machine all invented

[Adrian]

1870

Thomas Taylor Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire on the 16th of July
Mary Jane Marsden born in Stalybridge, Cheshire
Hannah Lister born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Jun 1: Telegraph link to India first open for business
2. Oct 1: First British postcard – halfpenny post
3. Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
4. Water closets come into wide use
5. Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
6. Britain possesses 43% of world's merchant steam tonnage

1870-1900 Art & Crafts Period (Art & Antiques)

1871

James Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Alice Marsden born in Staleybridge, Lancashire

1. Mar 27: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
2. Mar 29: Opening of Royal Albert Hall
3. Apr 2: Fourth full British census
4. Jun 16: University Tests Act allows students to enter Oxford, Cambridge and Durham universities without religious tests
5. Jun 29: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
6. Bank Holidays Act (see 1971)
7. Commissions in British armed forces no longer to be purchased
8. FA Cup introduced
9. Nov 10: Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr David Livingstone in Africa (in Ujiji near Lake Tanganyika)
10. Gilbert and Sullivan begin a 20 year collaboration
11. Verdi Aida

1872

George Marsden marries Hannah Lord in Rochdale, Lancashire

1. Mar 16: First FA Cup – Wanderers FC beat Royal Engineers AFC 1-0 at the Oval
2. Jul 18: Secret Ballot introduced in Britain (no further Poll Books produced)
3. Licensing hours introduced
4. Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
5. Penny-farthing bicycles in general use

1873

Bertha Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Betty Marsland dies on the 13th of March
Charlotte H. Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Thomas Taylor Marsden marries Mary Ann Taylor
James L. Morrison born in New York City, USA
Harry Marsden born in Staleybridge, Lancashire

1. Mar 1: Remington & Sons start to manufacture the new Scholes and Glidden typewriter (named Remington from 1876)
2. Glidden invents barbed wire
3. Jules Verne Around the World in 80 Days

1874

Frederick Taylor Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
James Marsden, (1797), dies on the 2nd of July

1. Disraeli and the Tories come to power in Britain – pass 11 major Acts of social reform in next 2 years
2. First Trades Union MP is elected
3. Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
4. Apr 5: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world – features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
5. Hardy Far from the Madding Crowd
6. Verdi Requiem

1875

1. Jan 1: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class.
2. London's main sewage system completed
3. Aug 24: Captain Webb swims channel
4. Britain takes 42% share in Suez Canal
5. Bizet Carmen

1876

Eliza Dyson born in Middleton, Lancashire
John Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Maud Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Jane Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Feb 14: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone – Bell awarded the rights
2. Annual centralised list of Scottish Wills from now (and most from 1823 also)
3. Civil Registration of deaths in Isle of Man started
4. Plimsoll Line established for loading of ships
5. Dewey decimal classification for publishers introduced by Melvil Dewey
   
6. Victoria proclaimed Empress of India
7. Jun 25: Battle of Little Big Horn – Custer's last stand; last major North American Indian victory
8. Tchaikovsky Swan Lake

1877

Emily Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
John Marsden born in Staleybridge, Lancashire

1. Mar 15: First cricket Test Match begins (between Australia and England in Melbourne) – Australia won by 45 runs
2. Edison invents microphone and phonograph
3. First tennis championships at Wimbledon
4. Schiaperelli observes 'canals' on Mars

1878

Agnes Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Frederick Taylor Marsden, (1874), dies
Taylor Marsden, (1812), dies on the 22nd of June
Jane Marsden born in Staleybridge, Lancashire
Samuel W. Marsden born in Victoria, Australia

1. Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
2. Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph (see 1896)
3. CID established at New Scotland Yard
4. Gilbert and Sullivan HMS Pinafore

1879

Edmund Parsons marries Elizabeth Jane Lumley
Frederick Taylor Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Walter Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire
Eleanor Baguley born in Droylesden, Lancashire
Samuel Marsden dies in Salford, Lancashire on the 30th of March

1. Jan 11: Start of Anglo-Zulu war
2. Jun 1: First Tay Bridge completed (Thomas Bouch)
3. Sep 18: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
4. Dec 28 (Sunday): Tay Bridge Disaster – bridge collapsed in storm taking train with it – enquiry revealed corners had been cut during construction to reduce costs – replacement bridge constructed in 1887
5. First telephone exchanges opened in London & Manchester
6. Church of Christ Scientist established at Boston

1880

1. Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
2. Aug 2: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
3. Britain possesses half world's merchant steam tonnage
4. Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
5. Rodin The Thinker

1881

Mary Hannah Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Apr 3: Fifth full British Census
2. Sep: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
3. Postal Orders introduced
4. First Boer War – Transvaal independence recognised
5. Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
6. Oct 26: Gunfight at OK Corral

1882

Florence Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Mary Hannah Marsden, (1881), dies

1. May 6: Phoenix Park murders in Dublin
2. Aug 29: Institution of 'the Ashes' in cricket
3. Standard Oil Co controls 95% of US oil refining capacity
4. TB bacillus discovered by Koch
5. Conan Doyle A Study in Scarlet, first appearance of Sherlock Holmes
6. Tchaikovsky 1812 Overture

1883

Samuel Marsden marries Emily A. Ogden
William Marsden born on Oldham, Lancashire
Cyril Lister born in Manchester, Lancashire

1. May 24: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
2. Aug 1: Parcel post starts in Britain
3. Oct 4: Foundation of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow by William Smith
   
4. Foundation of the Primrose League, British Conservative organisation, by Lord Randolph Churchill
5. Married Women's Property Act of 1882 becomes law
6. Ekman opens a wood pulp mill in England, for manufacture of paper (he had opened one in Sweden in 1874)
7. Aug 27: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java – 30,000 killed by tidal wave
   
8. Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
9. Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island

[Adrian]

1884

John William Hannah born in Middleton, Lancashire
Lucy Ann Marsden marries James Hannah

1. Jan 29: Appearance of the first 'fascicle' [from 'A' to 'ant'] of Oxford English Dictionary
2. The Third Reform Bill – vote given to agricultural workers
3. May 31: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes
4. Oct 13: Standard Meridian Conference – Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
5. Fabergé produces the first of his jewelled Easter eggs for the Tsar
   

1884-1918 Art Noveau Period (Art & Antiques)

1885

Mary Hannah Marsden born in Tonge, Middleton, Lancashire on the 31st of July
Lizzie Marsden born in Stayleybridge, Lancashire
John Marsden marries Christiana Ritson
John Marsden marries Mary Elizabeth Knott

1. Jan 26: Fall of Khartoum, General Gordon killed
2. Jun 17: The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbour (in 350 pieces on board the French frigate Isère)
3. Sep 5: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel
4. Sep 29: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
5. Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car
6. Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
7. Eastman makes first coated photographic paper
8. Canadian Pacific Railway completed
9. Twain Huckleberry Finn

1886

John Marsden born in Tonge, Middleton, Lancashire on the 1st of August
Taylor Marsden marries Elizabeth E. Willett

1. Jan 20: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales
2. May: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named "Coca-Cola"
3. May 29: Putney Bridge opens in London
4. Sep 9: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works finalised
5. Hardy The Mayor of Casterbridge Millais Bubbles

1887

Emma Marsden marries John Thomas Newton
Rachel Ann Marsden marries Robert Butterworth in Oldham on the 19th of March
Lucy Saloney Lister marries John S. Duckworth in Oldham

1. May 9: Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show opens in London
2. Jun 21: Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
3. Jul 26: The Unua Libro (First Book) was published describing the international language Esperanto
4. Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
5. Kipling Plain Tales
6. Haggard She

1888

Florence Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Harry Marsden born in England, (probably Lancashire)
Harvey Newton born in Chadderton, Lancashire
James Hannah born in Middleton, Lancashire
Jonathon Marsden marries Elizabeth A. Fenton
Walter Butterworth born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Mary E. Marsden born in Stalybridge, Lancashire
Amy Marsden born in Staleybridge, Lancashire

1. Mar 2: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace
2. Mar 22: Football League formed
3. Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year
4. Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre
5. First box camera – George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film
6. First successful adding machine patented by William Seward
   
7. Burroughs in the USA First known recording of classical music – Handel's Israel in Egypt on wax cylinder
8. Rimsky-Korsakov Scheherezade
9. Van Gogh Sunflowers

1889

Harry Marsden born in Tonge, Middleton, Lancashire
Thomas Marsden, (1805), dies on the 9th of January
John William Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Celluloid film produced
2. Mar 31: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)
3. May 14: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London
4. Jun 3: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast
5. Jul 8: First issue of the Wall Street Journal published
6. Sep 28: Length of a metre defined
7. Dock Strike – docker's won their "Docker's Tanner", 6 old pennies
   
8. Jerome K Jerome Three Men in a Boat

1890

Amy Marsden born in Victoria, BC, Canada
Annie Marsden born in Salford Lancashire
Florence Newton born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Nellie Hannah born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Percy Butterworth born in Chadderton, Lancashire
Harry Richard Marsden marries Minerva Livsey on the 3rd of March
Violet Marsden born in Crompton, Lancashire
Martha Marsden marries John Francis Simister in Salford Lancashire

1. Mar 4: Forth railway bridge opens – took six years to build
2. Nov 4: City & South London Railway opens – London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction

1891

1. Mar 18: First telephone link between London & Paris
2. Apr 5: Sixth full British Census
3. Primary education made free and compulsory
4. Ordnance Survey maps Epoch 2 – date range 1891-1912 (see 1904)
5. May 20: Last broad-gauge train leaves Paddington for Plymouth
6. Oct 6: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
7. Oct 31: Arthur Conan Doyle publishes the first Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

1892

Elsie Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire
Percy Marsden born in Oldham, Lancashire on the 13th of April
Percy Marsden dies in Oldham, Lancashire

1893

Thomas Taylor Marsden marries Alice Bullock on the 28th of June
Amelia Hannah born in Middelton, Lancashire
Annie Marsden born in Victoria, BC, Canada
Herbert Newton born in Chadderton, Lancashire
William Marsden, (1810), dies on the 11th of April
Norman M. Simister born in Salford, Lancashire

1. Keir Hardy founds Independent Labour Party
2. Henry Ford's first car
3. Zip fastener invented
4. Jun 7: Gandhi's first act of civil disobedience (in South Africa)
   
5. Tchaikovsky 6th symphony (Pathétique), and suicide

1894

Elsie Marsden born in Middleton, Lancashire
Gilbert Marsden born in Slaford, Lancashire
Simeon Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Jan 1: Manchester Ship Canal opens
2. Local Government Act passed (start of civil parish councils, etc)
   
3. Graduated death duties introduced in Britain
   
4. Picture postcard introduced in Britain
5. Mar 1: Blackpool Tower opens
6. May 21: Queen Victoria opens Manchester Ship Canal
7. Jun 23: International Olympic Committee founded at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin
8. Jun 30: Tower Bridge first opens
9. Beatrice and Sidney Webb History of Trade Unionism
10. Kipling Jungle Book
11. Shaw Arms and the Man
12. Debussy L'Apres-midi d'un
13. Faune

1895

Bertha Marsden born in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Jan 12: The National Trust founded in England
2. London School of Economics (LSE) established
3. Mar 22: First public showing of film on screen in Paris by Lumières Gugliemo
4. Marconi invents wireless telegraphy – message over a mile
5. Safety razor invented by King C Gillette
6. Jul 12: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain
   
7. Oct 17: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences – John Henry Knight and James Pullinger of Farnham, Surrey
8. May 24: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted
9. May 28: Oscar Wilde sent to prison
10. Nov: Röntgen discovers X-rays
11. Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London
12. HG Wells The Time Machine
13. Chekov The Seagull

[Adrian]

1896

Frederick J. Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire

1. Apr 6–15: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens
2. Jun 2: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
3. Aug: Start of Klondyke Gold Rush in the Yukon
4. Repeal of the 1878 Red Flag Act (first London to Brighton run on 14 Nov in celebration, now an annual event)
5. Dec 14: Opening of the Underground Railway (the "shooglie") in Glasgow – remains the only underground in Scotland
6. Term psychoanalysis first comes into use
7. Puccini La Boheme
8. Richard Strauss Also Sprach Zarathustra

1897

Agnes Hannah born in Middleton, Lancashire

1. Jun 22: Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
2. Oct: Arthur Conan Doyle and family move into Undershaw at Hindhead – it had cost him just over £6,000 to build – they threw a big fancy-dress party at Christmas to celebrate, with 160 guests (including Jean Leckie who later became his second wife)
3. Workmen's Compensation Act: employers liable for insurance of workforce
4. Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
   
5. Bram Stoker Dracula

1898

Doris Parsons born in Middleton, Lancashire on the 8th of December
William George Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire
Samuel W. Marsden marries Eleanor Baguley in Stalybridge, Cheshire

1. First photograph using artificial light
2. Mar 17: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine
3. Jun 27: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
4. Zeppelin builds airship
5. The Curies discover Radium
6. Oscar Wilde The Ballad of Reading Gaol
7. Henry James The Turn of the Screw

1899-1902 Second Boer War

1899

Bertha Marsden, (1873), dies in February
James Marsden marries Eliza Dyson on the 22nd of July

1. Oct 11: Start of Second Boer War
2. Nov 15: Winston Churchill captured by Boers
3. Board of Education established in Britain Britain's first 'Garden City' laid out at Letchworth
4. Valdemar Poulsen invents the tape recorder
5. Johann Vaaler designs the paper clip
6. Mar 6: Aspirin first marketed by Bayer
7. Elgar Enigma Variations
8. Sibelius Finlandia
9. Sigmund Freud The Interpretation of Dreams

1900

George L. Marsden born in Salford, Lancashire
James Marsden born in Middelton, Lancashire on the 19th of January

1. Jan 24: Spion Kop reached by British; massive losses by Lancashire Regiment
2. Feb 27: Labour Party formed
3. Feb 28: Relief of Ladysmith after a seige of 118 days
4. May 17: Relief of Mafeking
5. June/July: Boxer rising in Peking
6. School leaving age in Britain raised to 14 years
7. Central Line opens in London: underground is electrified
8. Max Planck proposes the Quantum Theory
9. Escalator shown at Paris exhibition
10. First transmission of human speech by radio waves

1901

Emma Hannah born in Middleton, Lancashire

1. Commonwealth of Australia founded
2. Jan 22: Queen Victoria dies – Edward VII king
3. Mar 31: Seventh full British Census (available for inspection Jan 2002)
   
4. June: Denunciation of use of concentration camps by British in Boer War
5. Oct 2: Britain's first submarine launched
6. Dec 12: First successful radio transmission across the Atlantic, by Marconi – Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland
7. Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner
8. Ragtime introduced into American jazz
   
9. Trans-Siberian Railway opened
10. Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No.2
11. Kipling Kim

1902

Samuel Marsden, (1837), dies in Chadderton, Lancashire

1. Balfour's Education Act provides for secondary education
2. Cremation Act – cremation can only take place at officially recognised establishments, and with two death certificates issued
3. May 24: Empire Day (later Commonwealth Day) first celebrated
4. May 31: Treaty of Vereeniging ends Second Boer War
5. Aug 9: Coronation of Edward VII, following the end of the Boer War
6. Oct 24: Arthur Conan Doyle reluctantly accepts a knighthood
7. Marie Curie discovers radioactivity
8. USA acquires perpetual control of Panama Canal (not yet completed, see 1913)
9. Discovery by physicist Heaviside of atmospheric layer which aids conduction of radio waves
10. Times Literary Supplement appears for first time

1903

1. Workers' Education Association (WEA) formed in Britain
2. Women's Social and Political Union formed in Britain by Emmeline Pankhurst
3. First flight of Wilbur & Orville Wright
4. Henry Ford sets up his motor company
5. Bertrand Russell Principles of Mathematics
6. Shaw Man and Superman
7. Chekov The Cherry Orchard

1904

1. Apr 8: France and UK sign the Entente Cordiale
2. May 4: America takes over construction of the Panama Canal from the French (completed 1914)
3. Jul 16: 'Bloomsday' in Dublin – the day James Joyce uses for his novel Ulysses
4. Ordnance Survey maps Epoch 3 – date range 1904-1939 (see 1919)
   
5. Barrie Peter Pan (legend says he invented the name Wendy for this, but the name exists in census records as early as 1880)
6. Puccini Madame Butterfly

1905

1. The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time – placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York
2. Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration
3. Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship
4. Apr 11: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity (see 1916)
5. Nov 28: Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin
6. Picasso begins his 'Pink Period' in Paris
7. Lehar The Merry Widow
8. Debussy La Mer